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Assessing renal function before starting treatment with Lithium is crucial because Lithium is primarily excreted through the kidneys. Any impairment in renal function can lead to accumulation of Lithium in the body, increasing the risk of toxicity. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic window, meaning that the difference between an effective dose and a toxic dose is small. Therefore, evaluating renal function ensures that the drug can be safely metabolized and eliminated from the body, mitigating the risk of adverse effects.

Monitoring renal function is especially important given that factors such as dehydration, concurrent medications, and certain medical conditions can affect kidney function and thereby influence Lithium levels. This proactive assessment helps to establish a safe baseline for the patient’s renal health, allowing for ongoing monitoring throughout the course of treatment.