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Parkinson disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impacts both motor function and cognitive abilities. In this condition, the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain leads to characteristic motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Alongside these motor challenges, many individuals with Parkinson disease also experience cognitive impairment, which can manifest as difficulties with attention, executive functions, and memory. Over time, this can lead to conditions like Parkinson’s disease dementia.

In contrast, while brain death results in a complete and irreversible loss of all brain functions, it does not involve a gradual deterioration of cognitive abilities; rather, it represents a terminal condition. Cerebral edema may affect cognitive function due to increased intracranial pressure or damage but does not directly cause persistent cognitive decline as seen in neurodegenerative diseases. Otitis externa, an infection of the outer ear canal, primarily impacts ear function and is not associated with significant effects on motor or cognitive abilities.